Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a condition in which the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the inside of the uterus, grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.
It is important to note that the clinical features of adenomyosis can overlap with other conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Imaging techniques such as transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in the diagnosis of adenomyosis by visualizing the characteristic changes in the uterus.
Treatment options for adenomyosis depend on the severity of symptoms, the desire for future fertility, and individual circumstances. Conservative management may involve pain medication, hormonal therapies to regulate the menstrual cycle, or the use of an intrauterine device (IUD). In severe cases or when fertility is not a concern, surgical interventions such as uterine artery embolization, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy may be recommended.
If you are experiencing symptoms suggestive of adenomyosis, it is important to consult with your Gynaecologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management options tailored to your specific needs.
The exact cause of adenomyosis is not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed to explain its pathogenesis:
1. Invasion theory: This theory suggests that the endometrial cells invade the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus, causing the development of adenomyosis.
2. Developmental origins: Another theory proposes that adenomyosis originates from abnormal embryonic development, leading to the presence of endometrial tissue within the uterine muscle.
3. Estrogen and hormonal factors: Hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated levels of estrogen, have been implicated in the development and progression of adenomyosis.
The clinical features of adenomyosis can vary among individuals, and some women may not experience any symptoms. However, common signs and symptoms of adenomyosis include:
1. Menstrual abnormalities: Women with adenomyosis may have heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) and severe menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea).
2. Pelvic pain: Chronic pelvic pain, which can occur throughout the menstrual cycle, is a common symptom of adenomyosis. The pain may be dull, aching, or cramp-like in nature and may worsen during menstruation.
3. Enlarged uterus: Adenomyosis can cause the uterus to become enlarged and tender.
4. Pain during sexual intercourse: Some women with adenomyosis may experience pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) due to the involvement of the uterine muscle.