Ovarian cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within or on the surface of the ovaries. They can occur due to various reasons, and their pathogenesis can differ depending on the type of cyst.
Pathogenesis:
1. Follicular cysts: The most common type of ovarian cyst, follicular cysts develop when a follicle, which is supposed to release an egg during ovulation, does not rupture and instead continues to grow. This can be due to hormonal imbalances or a failure in the normal process of follicle maturation and ovulation.
2. Corpus luteum cysts: Corpus luteum cysts form when the follicle releases an egg but the corpus luteum, the structure that forms after ovulation, does not regress as it should. Instead, it fills with fluid and becomes a cyst. This can occur due to hormonal imbalances or other factors that affect the normal regression of the corpus luteum.
3. Endometriomas: Endometriomas, also known as chocolate cysts, result from endometriosis, a condition where the endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
It's important to note that while most ovarian cysts are benign, there is a small risk of cysts being malignant, especially in older women. Prompt medical evaluation is necessary if there are concerning symptoms or if the cyst appears suspicious on imaging.
The management of ovarian cysts depends on several factors, including the size, type, and symptoms associated with the cyst, as well as the individual's age and reproductive goals. Small, asymptomatic cysts may be monitored through regular follow-up visits, while larger or symptomatic cysts may require medical intervention, such as hormonal therapy, surgical removal (cystectomy), or in some cases, removal of the ovary (oophorectomy).
If you have concerns or are experiencing symptoms suggestive of an ovarian cyst, it is important to consult with your Gynaecologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management options tailored to your specific situation.
Clinical features:
1. Most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during routine pelvic examinations or imaging studies. These cysts are often small and resolve on their own without causing any noticeable symptoms.
2. When symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the size, type, and location of the cyst. Common symptoms include pelvic pain or discomfort, bloating, pressure or fullness in the abdomen, and changes in menstrual patterns.
3. Larger cysts or those that cause twisting of the ovary (ovarian torsion) can lead to severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Ovarian torsion requires immediate medical attention as it can compromise the blood supply to the ovary.
4. In some cases, ovarian cysts can interfere with fertility or cause complications during pregnancy.