Ovarian dermoid cysts
Ovarian dermoid cysts, also known as mature cystic teratomas, are a type of ovarian cyst that contains a variety of tissues derived from multiple germ cell layers. They are typically benign and can develop during a woman's reproductive years.
Ovarian dermoid is a developmental anomaly of germ cell origin.
Clinical features:
1. Asymptomatic or mild symptoms: Ovarian dermoid cysts are often asymptomatic and may go unnoticed for a long time. When symptoms do occur, they are generally mild and non-specific. Some women may experience abdominal discomfort or a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis.
2. Pelvic pain: Larger ovarian dermoid cysts can cause pelvic pain or pressure, especially if they put pressure on surrounding structures or if they become twisted (torsion). Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency that occurs when the cyst twists, cutting off its blood supply and causing severe pain.
3. Abdominal bloating: Ovarian dermoid cysts can sometimes cause bloating or a distended abdomen due to their size or the presence of fluid within the cyst.
4. Reproductive and fertility issues: In some cases, ovarian dermoid cysts can affect fertility. They may interfere with normal ovulation or cause adhesions and scarring within the pelvis, affecting the function of the ovaries or fallopian tubes. However, the impact on fertility varies from person to person.
5. Rare complications: Although rare, ovarian dermoid cysts can lead to complications such as infection (if the cyst ruptures or becomes infected), ovarian torsion.
6. Malignant transformation is extremely rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases.
Diagnosis and management of ovarian dermoid cysts:
Ovarian dermoid cysts are typically diagnosed through imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI, which can visualize the cystic structure and its contents. The characteristic feature of ovarian dermoid cysts is the presence of various tissues, including hair, teeth, fat, and sometimes more complex structures such as bone or cartilage.
The management of ovarian dermoid cysts depends on several factors, including the size of the cyst, the presence of symptoms, and the individual's reproductive plans. Small, asymptomatic cysts may be monitored through regular follow-up visits, while larger cysts or those causing symptoms may require surgical removal (cystectomy). In some cases, if the cyst is large, causing severe symptoms, or shows suspicious features, the ovary may need to be removed (oophorectomy).
It is important to consult your Gynaecologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management options based on individual circumstances.