Surgery is done to aid the following:

• Diagnosis and staging: Surgery plays a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and staging of endometriosis. Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical technique, is commonly employed for visualizing and assessing the extent of endometrial lesions and associated adhesions. Biopsy samples can be obtained during surgery for histological confirmation of endometriosis.
• Lesion removal and tissue preservation: The primary goal of surgery for endometriosis is to excise or ablate endometrial lesions while preserving healthy tissue. This can help relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and restore normal anatomy and function. Surgical techniques may involve excision (complete removal) of endometriotic implants, adhesiolysis (lysis of adhesions), and restoration of affected organs and structures.
• Minimally invasive approaches: Laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the management of endometriosis. It involves making small incisions in the abdomen and inserting a camera and specialized instruments to visualize and treat the lesions. Laparoscopic techniques offer benefits such as smaller incisions, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes compared to traditional open surgery.
• Adhesion management: Endometriosis can lead to the formation of adhesions, which are abnormal connections between tissues and organs. Adhesions can cause pain and impair organ function. During surgery for endometriosis, adhesiolysis is performed to release and remove adhesions, restoring normal tissue mobility and function.
• Fertility outcomes: Surgery for endometriosis can have a positive impact on fertility outcomes. The removal of endometrial lesions, adhesions, and restoration of normal pelvic anatomy can improve reproductive function and enhance the chances of natural conception. In cases of severe endometriosis, surgical intervention may facilitate assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) by creating a more favorable environment for implantation.