Pelvic floor disorders can arise from various causes, including childbirth trauma, aging, hormonal changes, obesity, chronic constipation, and genetic predisposition. The scientific basis of urogynecology involves studying the pathophysiology of conditions such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, overactive bladder, and pelvic pain. 
Urogynecology relies on a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation to identify and assess pelvic floor disorders. This may involve taking a detailed medical history, conducting a physical examination, performing urodynamic testing to evaluate bladder function, and utilizing imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
The non-surgical approaches to manage pelvic floor disorders include lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor muscle training (such as Kegel exercises), bladder training, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral therapies. Non-surgical interventions aim to improve symptoms, restore normal bladder and bowel function, and enhance the quality of life for patients.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as laparoscopy or robotic-assisted surgery can also be used for Uro- Gynaecology. These approaches offer several advantages, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. 
When conservative measures are insufficient or inappropriate, urogynecology offers various surgical options. These procedures are supported by scientific evidence and aim to restore pelvic organ support, improve urinary and bowel continence, and alleviate symptoms. Examples of surgical interventions include mid-urethral sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse repairs, and reconstructive surgeries to address anatomical abnormalities or obstructions.